Global Population Growth And Its Impact On The Way That...

Geographers are fundamentally concerned with how places differ, and why places differ. Accessibility has a profound influence on the way that humans use land. The city is perhaps one of the greatest human innovations and is a tool used to maximize and facilitate accessibility. Cities are constructed deliberately as a means to facilitate access between firms and people, bringing both as close as possible. According to the United Nations, the world populations is expected to grow from 7.0 billion today to 9.3 billion in 2050, increasing by 2.3 billion (UNESA, 2012). The United Nations also estimate that, global urban populations will grow from 3.6 billion in 2011 to 6.3 billion in 2050, gaining 2.6 billion (UNESA, 2012). Based on these estimates, it is fair to assume that total global population growth will occur predominantly in urban areas and that global urban population growth will account for the total population increase as well as drawing in migration from the rural population to urban areas. As a further consequence, the global rural populations is expected to start decreasing in a decade’s time and resulting in estimates of 0.3 billion fewer rural inhabitants in 2050 than there are today. The process of urbanization first began in the more developed regions of the contemporary world. Almost a century ago, 1920 saw below 30 per cent of the ‘developed world’ in living urban areas. Only decades later, over half of their populace were residing in urban areas. Today, theShow MoreRelatedFood, Initial Needs For Survival1186 Words   |  5 PagesSurvival The human need for food is one of the inherent and physiological needs; it is the most important factor for the survival and life. Food is an essential need, and human is forced to obtain food to quench the hunger. Proper nutrition and balanced is good for growth and leads to better health and longer lifespan. Initially, eating was only to crunch hunger, and feeling of hunger forced the human to consume everything that was available regardless of the quality and nutrition. Later, humans learnedRead MoreEnvironmental Sustainability And Environmental Management Strategies Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pages Over the centuries there has been countless researches into environmental issues that pose threat to the population, but remains unresolved due to the increasing global population. It can be argued that certain environmental management strategies have been adopted to minimise the environmental risk on the population growth which possibly could become a threat to the global village. Alt hough, there are strategies to manage the environmental issues, a sector-wide approach is required from developedRead MoreHuman Population Growth916 Words   |  4 PagesOnce, when the world was changing and new lands were being explored and conquered, the opinion of the masses was â€Å"Growth is good.† There was no worry about the lives being harmed or how large our impact was, or even of the future repercussions our actions might have. However, this once-carefree opinion has twisted and mutated and created a monster: human population growth. It’s big. It’s fast. And there’s almost no way to stop it, with our current rate of increase. The consequences of our forefather’sRead MoreThe Problem Of Global Environmental Problems1417 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Environmental Problems The environmental problems become more serious, we can actually see and feel them. The major environmental problems include the loss of forest and land resources, animal species extinction, the changes of global climate, serious water and air pollutions, and so on. These problems occur not only around our neighborhoods, but also throughout the world. The problems deserves attention, because they are threatening human being’s lives. The Cause and The Impacts For theRead MoreHuman Overpopulation Essay1109 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Overpopulation Increasing human overpopulation throughout the world is one of the biggest global issues addressed in the 21st century. This concept negatively affects almost every aspect of society: extinction of plants/animals or habitats, over use of natural resources, climate change, and other environmental problems (â€Å"As World’s Human†). This continual predicament needs to be corrected by intensified human productive abilities and a global law that will stimulate positive outcomes acrossRead MoreOverpopulation can be described as the failure of the world’s resources to sustain the population.1600 Words   |  7 Pagessustain the population. The limited natural resources have increased challenges for countries facing this. This paper covers the effects of overpopulation in the world today. The current worlds population is approximately six billion people, and the amount of time that it takes for the population to increase by another billion is decreasing with each billion. It is estimated that they will be about eight billion people by the year 2020, and this is due to its continuation of growth† (Southwick 159)Read MoreSustainability Position Paper : Natural Resources And Technology1652 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelop economic growth. This essay will discuss natural resources and overpopulation and how they will affect the coming future. Natural Resources and Sustainability Natural resources are raw materials that occur naturally on Earth. These resources are not manmade, they are used and altered into a way that is beneficial for the survival of our planet. A few examples of natural resources are: air, coal, oil, minerals, water etc. Natural resources are being used for economic and social growth. However,Read MoreOverpopulation Is A Catastrophe?841 Words   |  4 Pagesconverted to overpopulation. Currently, the global population is 7 billion, and the increase rate is 1.3% annually that means by the end of the twenty-first century the population will reach twelve billion (Keenan, 2013). Therefore, there is a huge debate going on right now regarding overpopulation. For some people, explosion in population has no detrimental impacts in the future, and it will be bearable. In contrast, others believe rapid growing population can cause disaster; this concept is the mostRead MoreDeforestation Is The Permanent Removal1714 Words   |  7 Pagesprovision of livelihoods for us human-beings, the prevention of soil erosion, medicines derived from rainforest plants, to the air we breathe, we are still allowing them to disappear at shockingly high rates through deforestation. High deforestation rates, primarily as a result of the growing demand for agriculture, fuel use and production, fires, timber harvesting, logging, and pasture and clearing for livestock animals due to the exponential growth in human population, can be prevented through theRead MoreUrban Population And Urban Development Essay1587 Words   |  7 PagesIn the last two centuries, particularly in the last decades, mankind has witnessed drastic population changes from rural to urban areas (Rui, 2013). This movement of people into major towns and cities of the world has been observed worldwide but at different extent. However, rapid urban growth/sprawl also causes problems. The increasing population observed is inevitable; therefore the solution to urban problems depends es sentially on effective planning, infrastructural management and development

John Locke And Nature - 895 Words

John Locke (Gospel): As I say, we are prohibited from hurt ourselves. Furthermore to any other human beings. It is for the reason that we are the creation of God. We cannot kill ourselves. It means life is a treasure. In the same way, we cannot harm or exterminate others, conferring to the laws of nature. In the state of the law of nature, we all remain free as well as equal. For the purpose that in due progress, we are divinity’s pure workmanship. All of us have a duty towards others. But in a given situation, it is not visible. But we continue to fulfill our assigned mission. â€Å"it being as impossible for a governor, if he really means good for his people, and the preservation of them, and their laws together, not to make them see and feel it, as it is the father of a family, not to let his children see he loves, and take care of them† (209:3). It reinforces the notion that, we are the ultimate creation of God. However, we remain not to be an independent being. It is due to our creator. Due to the law of nature, we have our free will. On the other hand, God holds the authority over us. As it has been stated, â€Å"But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you† (Sermon, 5:44). My response will be to this argument; we are allowed to penalize an offender, and we are also allowed for self-defense when it comes to executing the rule of law. Although I moderately come inShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke And The State Of Nature Essay1206 Words   |  5 Pageswritings of philosopher, John Locke. John Locke lived during the Enlightenment, a period where people explored to establish their natural rights in revolutionary acts. The Second Treatise of Government is one of John Locke’s most renowned pieces in which many of his thoughts of human rights, government and property inspired many revolutionary activists to use them as a foundation for their own newly found government. In the first few chapters of this notable work, Locke discusses many ideas suchRead MoreJohn Locke And The Law Of Nature976 Words   |  4 Pages. John Locke’s notion of the Law of Nature is crucial and necessary to understand his work the ‘Second Treatise of Government’. His beliefs in limited government and individual rights are perceived throughout the entire text, but in order to understand why he believes this it is necessary to understand and analyze three elements. First one must understand what the Law of Nature is according to John Locke and why it is an essential element towards all individuals. Second one must understand how theRead MoreJohn Locke And The State Of Nature996 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Locke gives this very well thought out way of explaining how people are born with the right to take ownership of the fruits of the earth. Everyone comes to having a right to all the fruits of the earth because we are all born equal. That being said, every one owns only their own person, and we are to be considered as property. Therefore if we own our own person and everything that we entail to be, we also would own our own labor and work of our hands. What makes property our own is when we workRead MoreHuman Nature, By John Locke Essay2201 Words   |  9 PagesHuman nature is a cruel mistress that depending on a person’s view on the world can be really on either ok or really bad. In only isolated situations does human nature lead people to do true good while in general human nature leads to bad decisions and equally bad results. Philosophers have all written about human nature in their commonwealths as well as in their imagined states of nature. Thomas Hobbes in his book, Levithan, and John Locke in his second treatise in his book, Two Treatises on GovernmentRead MoreThe Nature Law of John Locke606 Words   |  2 Pageshas broke in upon the World, and vitiated the humane Nature.† (John Bernard) This is the opening line of John Bernard’s speech or at least what John Locke hears as he gets to the sermon. Massachusetts is cold, John Locke isn’t surprised. He has heard things about it, the weather, the people and now the righteous. The ground is covered in snow and the church is packed with men, women and children; All awaiting to hear more of the words of John Bernard. He moves to take a seat or at least find somewhereRead MoreHuman Nature, By John Locke2060 Words   |  9 PagesHuman nature is an enigma that many people have debated for centuries with some being more idealistic while others are very cynical. Many political philosophers have discussed these in their books as human nature is central to the development of a ideal republic that can properly rule. Thomas Hobbes in his book, Levithan, and John Locke in his second treatise in his book, Two Treatises on Government, both talk extensively about human nature.The pair take two different approaches to explaining humanRead MoreJohn Locke And Locke s Views On Nature Nurture1629 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloped the â€Å"nat ure-nurture issue.† The nature-nurture issue is what the behavior goes to heredity or experience. As the issue began, Greek philosopher, Plato, assumed that we inherit character, intelligence, and certain ideas are developed inborn, on the contrary, Greek philosopher, Aristotle debated that nothing comes in the mind through the senses of the external world. Later in the 1600’s, there were new rivals for the nature-nurture issue which were John Locke and Rene Descartes. Locke didn’t followRead MoreJohn Locke s State Of Nature993 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Locke 1.John Locke describes the state of nature in multiple ways. He claims that the state of nature has a law of nature to govern it. Then he goes on by saying no one man comes by power over another. He describes it as a state of equality . 2.People left the state of nature and joined a political society by establishing a government because security of personal property was not provided in the state of nature. Although the state of nature is considered to be free, it falls short to issuesRead MoreJohn Locke s Views On Human Nature1602 Words   |  7 Pages James Madison and John Locke each created similar but somewhat different ideas about human nature. Whereas John Locke put more hope in human nature, Madison looked down on it with more critical analysis. Locke’s argument may provide few important points in general, but it is Madison who ultimately explained why people work in the specific way we see today and produce the government we enjoy. In fact, some of Locke’s arguments can be tied to Madison’s philosophy and be seen as useful explanationsRead MoreJohn Locke s Views On Human Nature Essay811 Words   |  4 Pagesitself, only a single ruler or an absolute monarch had the power or omnipotent vision to sufficiently rule a civilization. Whereas Locke saw a civilization that can be ruled in a democracy and every individual had a say in how the civilization can be ruled. Moreover, Hobbes’ outlook on human nature was generally bleak, most of his ideas were derived from the basis that all humans were, in fact, evil and that given the opportunity, a person would act on his or her own behalf before tending to the

Annual Report of Wesfarmers-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Conceptual Framework of accounting and application of accounting standards in real life annual reports of the Companies. Answer: Introduction Wesfarmers limited is a public company and belongs to the conglomerate industry. It is having its headquarters in Perth, Western Australia. The company is serving various areas such as Australia, Bangladesh, Ireland, New Zealand and United Kingdom. The company is basically dealing in chemicals, mining of coal, fertilizers and other products related to safety. It was founded in the year 1914. The key people engaged in operations of the company are Michael Chaney and Richard Goyder. The company is the largest employer in Australia and is employing around 220000 employees in its company. It is also having various subsidiaries such as Bunnings Warehouse, Coles supermarkets etc. This report is basically being prepared in order to analyze the impact of IFRS on the financial statements and also the impact of IFRS on the qualitative characteristics of financial statements. Detailed research The important qualitative characteristics of financial reporting are as follows: Understandability: The financial report should be prepared in a manner that it is understandable thus they should possess basic understanding level hence the financial statements should have proper explanations in regard to each and every aspect. Reliability: The financial report should be prepared in a manner that it does not possess any kind of error and is not having biasness. Thus the report should be complete in each and every aspect. Relevance: The financial report should be prepared in a manner that it is providing relevant information so that the users are able to take proper decision making. The financial reports should give information in regard to financial position of the company and also help in predicting the financial position of the company. (Hasaan Fazal, 2011) Comparability: The information contained in the financial report should be comparable and thus the financial information should be able to be compared over time and also with other companies of same nature. The financial statements will be said to be comparable if they are being prepared as per the international accounting standards. Verifiability: This characteristic requires that the information presented in the financial statements is being faithfully represented from the sources and that the users of the financial statements can easily take upon the consensus on the basis of the information. Timeliness: This characteristic assures that the information should be timely available to the users of the financial statements and thus the information should be able to effect and influence the decision making of the users of the financial statements. As per the article, the international accounting standards are rendered unusable from the point of view of the investors. The international financial reporting standards lead to misinterpretation of accounts as the reporting standards require a lot of professional training and the lack of knowledge may lead to misleading results from the financial reports. Some of the international financial reporting standards are not consistent with the accounting aspects and still the professionals and accountants are still using them. The members of the board are constantly using them as they feel there is no substitute for the international financial reporting standards. (Gjerde, O., Knivsfla, K., Saettem, F. 2008) There are various negative issues that are connected with the implementation of the international financial reporting standards: The results of the evaluation of the results of the company who have adopted the international financial reporting standards shows that the quality of the earnings that are using IFRS is not high as the IFRS concentrate on low levels of income and high levels of loss recognition which leads to lower levels of income and the low quality of earnings. The CEO and directors believe that the adoption of the IFRS had led to the uncertainty in the tax positions in the company. The directors have also provided that the results of the adoption of the international financial reporting standards are not in consistency with the basic accounting concepts and had also led to ineffective results. The correct implementation of the international reporting financial standards requires high level of professional knowledge and thus the lack of knowledge may lead to misleading results and hence the misinterpretation of results. Effect of the IFRS on the annual report of Wesfarmers The areas which have been benefited by the application of IFRS and thus the qualitative and enhancing qualitative characteristics are present are as follows: The revenues are depicting the clear picture of the financial position of the company as the revenue is being correctly measured on the basis of the fair value of the consideration which is to be received and it is only recognized in the books when the criteria specified for the purpose of recognition are being satisfied. The employee benefit expense and the expenses related to occupancy are being correctly recorded in the books of accounts and are thus enhancing the qualitative characteristics of information and providing relevant and reliable information in regard to different type of expenses. (Paola Zanella, 2014) The cash and cash equivalent had been correctly shown in the books in accordance with the international reporting financial standards and is correctly providing all the qualitative characteristics of the financial information and the users are able to easily and effectively take decisions accordingly. The property, plant and equipment have been correctly shown in the books of accounts and they have been accordingly recognized and depreciation had been carried on them in accordance with the rules of IFRS. Hence the enhancing qualitative characteristics have been fulfilled in this attribute of financial statements. The users are thus able to take decisions in regard to financial position of the company on the basis of the balance of the property, plant and equipment. The capital, equity and reserves correctly fulfill the qualitative characteristics of the financial information. The inclusions in the reserves and capital have been made in accordance with the guidelines issued in regard to IFRS disclosures and hence it is depicting clear picture of the financial position of the company and will help the investors in accordingly planning their investment. (Paola Zanella, 2014) The areas which show that IFRS had not satisfied the qualitative characteristics of the financial information are as follows: IFRS had not satisfied all the qualitative characteristics and it is not providing reliable and relevant information in regard to the recognition and measurement of the tax liabilities. It is creating various type of uncertainty in regard to recognition of the tax expense in the books of accounts. The current taxes and deferred taxes is not providing clear picture in regard to the overall tax issues of the company. The receivables does not provide clear information and the recognition of the net realizable value requires various judgments to be made by the management which requires professional knowledge and thus the lack of knowledge may lead to misleading results and various misrepresentations. Hence it is not satisfying the qualitative characteristics of the financial information. The qualitative characteristics does not exist in the field of recognition and measurement of goodwill and intangible assets as the key judgments are required for the purpose of deciding the useful life of the intangible assets and hence calculating the amount of amortization each and every year. Thus the inappropriate assumption by the management in the field of intangible asset may lead to inappropriate financial statements and thus the misinterpretation. The provisions are also being recognized on the basis of the estimate hence they are not satisfying the qualitative characteristics of the financial information. As the estimates are being prepare on the basis of discounting the future cash flows. Thus the provisions requires deep knowledge and care in order to prepare the correct and appropriate estimates thus it may lead to improper financial results and information in the hands of the users of the financial statements. The analysis of the annual report of Wesfarmers limited show that reconciliation statement which is being prepared in regard to adjustments of earnings does not provide any new information. The analysis also provides that the adjustments which are done in regard to changes in the amount of provisions and intangibles had not been correctly provided and disclosed in the books of account. The financial statements are prepared in a complex manner which is revealed as per the annual report of Wesfarmers limited. Hence the investors are not able to effectively evaluate the results shown by the annual reports. (John R. McGowan, 2009) The other problems that have been found during the analysis of the annual report of the Wesfarmers limited are as under: The organizational structure of the company is suffering from inefficiency and thus the productivity of the management towards the organizational objectives is decreasing and this may adversely affect the financial position and growth of the company. The management of the company had not been changed from past many years which shows that the management is not using new and innovative ways of operations and thus the operations are being carried out in a manner which is comfortable for the existing management system hence the changes are not being done in the organization. The organizational structure of the company had led to conflicts amongst the various departmental managers and one manager is trying to focus its own motive at the cost of other departments and thus the level of loyalty amongst the departments is very less. There is lack of effective communication in the organizational structure which may lead to increase in errors and thus the level of errors may lead to manipulation and frauds in the data. The different departments are focusing their own goals and are not concentrating on achieving the overall goals of the organization due to lack of effective organizational structure. The divisions of the company are not working effectively as they are undertaking competition amongst the departments which leads to reduction in the overall productivity of the organization. (Becis, T., Ng, C. Roca, E. 2006) Literature review on impact of IFRS on financial statements of the company Katerina Struharova, Karel steker, Milana Otrusinova (2011) : This literature review indicates the shifting of the preparation of the financial statements as per the IFRS. Naseem Ahmad and Professor Nawab Ali Khan (2010): This literature review indicates that companies should concentrate on adopting financial statements in the coming years. Amanda Paul and Eddy Burks (2009): This literature review provides that financial statements should be prepared as per international financial reporting standards. Joanna Yeoh, Kimberley Crook (2008): This literature review indicates that international reporting financial standards will be used in order to achieve long term goals. Michel Blanchette (2007): This literature review provides that IFRS is a evolution in the economy. Impact of IFRS on financial statements The IFRS is having different impacts which include both the positive and negative impacts on the financial statements of the company which are as follows: The proper utilization of IFRS in the financial statements of the company will improve the level of relevance of the accounting reports prepared by the company. It provides that the effective utilization will help in promoting comparability in the company by using the standard and practices which are also used by the peers. The other positive outcome that will arise by way of effective implementation of the international reporting financial standards is that it will be very beneficial for the investors as it will provide high level of accuracy in the field of forecasts being prepared in regard to the company. The managers are bound to work in accordance with the prescribed standards and ensure that they are being prepared in accordance with the appropriate international financial reporting standards. The above analysis had shown that IFRS is having different negative impacts on the society and investors but it depends on the perception of the investors and it can be beneficial in the following ways in the following manner: The investors thus need to properly read and observe the financial statements that are being prepared in accordance with the international reporting financial standards. The problem of alternative measures in regard to profit had been developed in order to avoid the criticism of the IFRS. There is complexity in the evaluation of the financial statements prepared in accordance with the international reporting financial standards but the complexity can be solved by gathering proper information in regard to the preparation of the statements as per the international financial reporting standards. The statements prepared as per the IFRS will help in delivering the expected benefits by using proper steps in regard to audit and regulatory measures. Conclusions Wesfarmers had used international reporting financial standards in the preparation of the financial statements and the annual report that is being issued to different interested users of the company. The company is facing various kinds of negative issues after implementation of the international financial reporting standards in the preparation of the financial statements of the company. The company is getting various issues due to problem of provisions, earnings and amounts of impairment on the intangible assets. Thus I agree that the issues raised by CEO are genuine and the implementation of IFRS in the financial statements of the company may lead to problem of misrepresentation of the position of the company. But the company can come out of the adverse issues connected with the implementation of IFRS by influencing the investors to properly read the financial statements. The investors should be given information that the financial statements prepared by the company are adequate. The financial statements will be having the competitive advantage if they are prepared after proper guidance in regard to the preparation of the financial statements. The complexity in the financial statements prepared as per IFRS can be easily solved by properly y examined understanding the concepts related to IASB conceptual framework. IFRS requires use of the judgment by various managers in regard to the accounting concepts. The judgments and accounting estimates should be clearly disclosed in the financial state ments of the company so that the investors are having clear and complete information in regard to preparation of the financial statements of the company. Thus they will be able to understand the statements in an effective manner. The rules specified in regard to the requirements of IFRS should be proper examined so that there is no misunderstanding in relation to interpretation and it will not lead to misleading results. Thus the contention of CEO was correct while evaluating the results of implementation of IFRS. Hence IFRS needs to be very carefully used in the preparation of the financial statements as they require a code of conduct and training needs to be given to the employees, managers and investors so as to achieve successful results. Wesfarmers limited will also be able toa chive desired results on overcoming the negative issues. References: Hasaan Fazal, 2011, What are the important Qualitative characteristics of Financial Statements?; Available at: https://pakaccountants.com/qualitative-characteristics-financial-statements/ Isabel Maria, Manuel Emlio, 2014, Main Consequences of IFRS Adoption: Analysis of Existing Literature and Suggestions for Further Research; Available at: https://www.scielo.br/pdf/rcf/2015nahead/1519-7077-rcf-201500090.pdf MAFK International, 2013, How IFRS effects your business; Available at: https://mafkinternational.com/2013/07/25/how-ifrs-effects-your-business/ Paola Zanella, 2014, The Negative Effects of International Financial Reporting Standards; Available at: https://www.knowledge.unibocconi.eu/notizia.php?idArt=13916 https://www.ox.ac.uk/research/research-impact/revealing-hidden-impact-international-financial-reporting-standards-ifrs-0 University of Oxford, 20xx, Revealing the hidden impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS); Available at: https://www.thetaxadviser.com/issues/2009/dec/theeffectofifrsimplementationontax.html John R. McGowan, 2009, The Effect of IFRS Implementation on Tax; Available at: https://www.iasplus.com/en/standards/other/framework 2005, The IASB conceptual framework An Introduction; Available at: https://www.accountingweb.co.uk/business/financial-reporting/the-iasb-conceptual-framework-an-introduction Sofie Van Der Meulen, Ann Gaeremynck, Marleen Willekens (2006) The Influence of Specific Accounting Differences on the Choice Between IFRS or US GAAP,- (Journal of Business Finance Accounting, Vol. 33, No. 3-4, pp. 329-373, April 2006) Philip D Palmer(2008) ? Disclosure of the impacts of adopting Australian equivalents of International Financial Reporting Standards?. Accounting and Finance. Clayton: Dec 2008. Vol. 48, Iss. 5; pg. 847 NEVIUS, A. M. (June, 2008). How Will IFRS Affect Tax Practitioners? Journal of Accountancy Marie Lambert, Georges Hbner, Pierre-Armand Michel, Henri Olivier (2006) The Impact of International Financial Reporting Standards on Market Microstructure in Europe, - (The International Journal of Accounting 34 (1): 121-131). Cheney, B. G. (november 2007). If IFRS Offer the Answer,They Sure Raise a Lot of Questions. financial executive , 21-23 Nicolas Pawsey, 2016, The Impact of IFRS adoption in Australia: evidence from acedmic research; Available at: https://apo.org.au/node/69547 Gjerde, O., Knivsfla, K., Saettem, F. (2008). The value-relevance of adopting IFRS: Evidence from 145 NGAAP restatements.Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 17(2), 92-112. Vishnani S., and Shah B. K.,2008, Value relevance of published financial statements- With special Emphasis on Impact of cash flow reporting, International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 17, 84-90 John A. Goodwin, Kamran Ahmed, Richard A. Heaney, 2008, The Effects of International Financial Reporting Standards on the Accounts and Accounting Quality of Australian Firms: A Retrospective Study, Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222404616_The_Effects_of_International_Financial_Reporting_Standards_on_the_Accounts_and_Accounting_Quality_of_Australian_Firms_A_Retrospective_Study Kamran Ahmed, Manzurul Alam, 2012, The effect of IFRS adoption on the Financial Reports of Local Government Entities; Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, Volume 6, Issue 3; Available at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1370context=aabfj Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB), 2004,First-time adoption of Australian equivalents to international financial reporting standards. AASB 1. In: CA Financial Reporting Handbook 2005, Wiley, Queensland, pp.47-96 Becis, T., Ng, C. Roca, E. 2006, The impact of the adoption of the Australian International Financial Reporting Standards on profits and equity of Australian companies, unpublished paper, Griffith University

E-Health Care Solutions

Question: Discuss the gal of Our Organization and Statement of Need? Answer: Summary E-Health Care Solutions web application is a one-stop healthcare portal entertaining a two way (Doctor - Patient) customer database, bringing to them a full package of features of finding each other and then interacting among themselves, under a single roof. On one hand, it allows the doctors to use it as a professional or social networking website by encouraging them to communicate among themselves and other registered health care experts worldwide via chat boxes, forums, etc. to share medical advancements, cures, case studies, journals, research papers, etc (Kerzner, 2013). On the other hand, this medically rich online database can be beneficially reaped by making it available to the patients, medical students, health care professionals and other general users seeking online health care solutions. These users can either seek the help of the doctors by fixing appointments, sharing medical reports, e-mails, etc. with them or look for answers to their other medical queries by searching the general forums, discussions, or publicly shared information by the doctors (Wahlster, 2013). Goal of Our Organization: The success of a medical treatment solely depends on the effectiveness of communication among patients and their physicians. In order for the patient to fully understand and learn about his or her health issues and medical conditions, it is necessary for the patient to convey to the doctor the symptoms or difficulties he or she is facing in an effective and clear manner. The need of effective communication in medical and health care field is very important for patients to be treated and recovered successfully. Moreover, the cost of establishing corporate and government health care sectors are often quite burdensome to implement. In case a patient wants to be facilitated by supervised care he or she needs to pay an extra significant amount of money (Finnerty, 2013). Our organization will greatly reduce the complexity of all of these factors by facilitating online one-to-one personal medical consultancy by specialised doctors. Moreover, patients can easily communicate with their physicians through forums or messages whenever they want. Statement of Need In the real life scenario, there are a lot of problems faced by the patients and the doctors, like: Appointment fixing: Usually the patients need to go to the hospital or to the doctors chamber and wait in a long queue which takes a lot of time, in order to make an appointment. Handling emergency situations: It has been observed that in some emergency situations, patients are not aware of how to handle the situation. A proper guide to such first aid situations is required. Patient-Doctor relationship: for accomplishing a successful medical treatment, patient-physician relationship should have a basic foundation of trust and faith. The doctor should have some ethical obligations towards the welfare his or her patients. It greatly influences the decision making because the patients can be confident that they can confide to their doctor (Kerzner, 2013). Patient feedback: A patients feedbacks or opinions after going through a medical treatment can be very much valuable and important for the physician to improve his or her treatment policies and approach towards the patients. But in traditional health care system, after a patient is recovered or released, their doctors hardly come to know their feedback or what they think about the treatment process. Through our project, the patients can leave posts in the online communities as well as private messages about their opinions or suggestions for improvement which can be easily viewed by doctors. Lack of a portal for online communication: There should be a portal where the doctors can communicate with the patients as well as themselves. Our system can provide solutions to the above mentioned problems in the following way: An automated online system will help to fix the appointments in very less time. In case of any emergencies, the users can post discussions in the forum about their problems and receive solutions from other users or doctors instantly. Our system will provide a proper channel for communications among the doctors worldwide, thus overcoming the geographical barrier. Project Description Definition of the Project: An e-healthcare website gives a platform to the medicalprofessionalswho provide online or web consultancy, patient treatment, and private one-to-one communication regarding health issues. Patients do not need to travel across geographical boundaries to avail a special medical facility. E-health care offers a secure platform for patients to avail 24X7 personal health care solutions. The primary requirement is an internet connection. Patients can access all the registered doctors information just by logging in to the website using a username and a password. Appointments can be fixed for a specific doctor who has active profiles in the website (Thomas, 2013). Project Objectives: The software is for communication among doctors and patients. There are three actors in this project: Users, Doctors and Physicians, System Administrator. Via interaction among the doctors and sharing of information like case studies, journals, research-work, etc., inventions of new technologies, videos, etc. can be achieved. The patients can easily fix appointments with the doctors. The doctors can access the medical history of the patients from a record kept for every patient account. The users can post in the forum with their queries. Doctors from the concerned departments will respond to their queries. The users can view all the information posted by the doctors. An SLA will be fixed for all the doctors to respond to the users queries in the blogs.An automated mail to the administration will be sent on breach of the SLA. User and Literature Survey: We did our research on what the doctors and patients commonly do not have and we can provide to them. From our research we came to a point where we decided to design a website for them where the doctors and patients can both get the medium to communicate among themselves as well as with one another (i.e. doctor-to-doctor communication, public forums for patients to post their queries etc). There is no such portal available in the internet which supports both doctor and patient communication in such a way. That is why we decided to create a platform where a doctor from anywhere in the world can communicate with other registered doctors using the help of messaging or private chat-box; also the users/patients can access the journals and research papers uploaded by the doctors, ask health related questions and even request for an appointment. Project Scope: This mission will result in significant cost savings, but the overall scope of the project is far greater:- For Users/Patients: Users are facilitated with primary health care solutions without having to move physically. All of it happens in real-time. Also they have option to choose from a number of doctors and specialists online. It supports feature that provides one-to-one communication with the specialists. It can be hugely helpful for the patients. Patients can receive personal quality treatments from the registered physicians. Doctors will be providing relevant recommendations and consultations. Users can access various doctors details that are registered with the website, without having to be restricted by the geographical barriers. Moreover, sharing of medical reports and test results online is very easy way to let the doctor know about the users particular health issues (Finnerty, 2013) For Physicians: Physicians are facilitated by this website in various possible ways. Online health care portal will help the doctors to practice real time treatments. Moreover, they do not need to go to their chambers every day instead they can practice medical treatment online directly from their own home. With automated online health treatment doctors can get patients from various countries as a result revenue is increased. It provides a new approach to health care systems which is efficient and powerful as well as beneficial for both doctors and patients across the globe. Physicians who are new in the medical field can open an online health care portal and communicate with other practitioners. There are also options for offering new services, emergency advices etc. A group of physicians can share their thoughts on online forums or communities which is also visible to patients. It might help them learn about certain health issues and take precautions accordingly. Online consultations can bring pot ential customers to their business. Also, email, newsletters etc can be generated to support remotely located patients treatment. Project Functionalities: Members ID Creation: Doctors and users need to register themselves to access the website. Appointment Fixing: Patients can request for an appointment with their respective doctors and depending on the availability of doctor, the appointments will be fixed.A token amount will be paid for fixation of appointments. Discussion Forum: Patients can post their queries in the forums and get expert advice from the doctors themselves. Communication Medium: Private communication among various doctors worldwide will be possible using tools like chat-boxes. Administrative Functions: Administration will monitor the activity of the doctors. If a users query is unanswered for a fixed SLA by a particular doctor, an automated mail will go to the administrator of that hospital. Information Sharing: Doctors can post their journals, case studies, medical news, information about diagnosis of various diseases, invention of new medical technologies, videos, etc. on the forum. This information will be valuable to the medical students. Rating: There will be a rating for the doctors based on user-feedback, recommendation from other doctors, etc. Suggestions to The Administrator: Doctors can also directly communicate with the admin. And valuable suggestions regarding new technologies can be enforced within a hospital. Online Report Viewing: Doctors can view medical reports online and can share the patients medical history with other doctors. User Feedback: Users can share their experiences by providing feedback to the doctors. Tools for Project Implementation: Eclipse IDE: Eclipse is program development software that facilitates integrated development environment or IDE. It usually supports multi-language platform for application development such as C, C++, Java etc. Eclipse has various plug-in features to support interactive environment facilitating software development. MySQL: It runs on the server side and provides multi user access to databases. It supports syntaxes for SQL to store and retrieve data from relational database. HTML: This language is specifically designed for displaying various contents in web pages both texts and interactive components (Finnerty, 2013). JavaScript(JS): It is a type of programming script used to implement in web browsers and runs on the client side. It is mainly used to make the web page interactive and able to communicate with users. Conclusion E-healthcare Solutions develops a new and fresh approach towards online medical treatment. It presents a modern and crisp system for the doctors and patients worldwide to communicate among themselves in an easy and convenient way, where activities like appointment fixing, private one-to-one chatting, writing personal blogs etc. are offered in a single and open platform. It may be concluded that there are still a lot more scope for development for achieving a more flexible website for this project as well as to render a flawless website design. Further, better approaches are awaited that may be suggested by the users of the website. Reference List Collis, Jill, and Roger Hussey.Business research: A practical guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students. Palgrave macmillan, 2013. Del Cano, Alfredo, and M. Pilar de la Cruz. 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